Key predictors of risky drinking were perception of alcohol-related risks to workplace safety, general health, alcohol knowledge and descriptive norms regarding workmates' alcohol use. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings provide useful insights into the patterns and predictors of risky drinking in construction and can inform future preventive programs and interventions in high-risk workplaces. In addition to tailoring programs to both young and mid-aged workers, this work highlights the importance of implementing strategies to increase awareness of risks to workplace safety; and the adoption of norms that inhibit the social acceptability of risky drinking behaviour in the wider workplace. © 2020 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.Although the clinical presentations of patients with pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) may vary, bullae are not usually part of the clinical spectrum. To date, only two other cases of a bullous variant of PLEVA with evidence of autoantibodies against hemidesmosomal antigens have been reported. The term PLEVA pemphigoides was suggested for this unique clinical, pathological and serological combination of both PLEVA and bullous pemphigoid. © 2020 The Authors. Pediatric Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.BACKGROUND Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and I (cTnI) concentrations provide strong prognostic information in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether the associations between cardiac troponin concentrations and mortality and morbidity differs by sex is not known. OBJECTIVES To assess whether men and women have different concentrations and prognostic value of cTnT and cTnI measurements in anticoagulated patients with AF. METHODS cTnT and cTnI concentrations were measured with high-sensitivity (hs) assays in EDTA plasma samples obtained from the multicentre ARISTOTLE trial, which randomized patients with AF and at least one risk factor for stroke or systemic embolic event to warfarin or apixaban. Patients were stratified according to sex and the associations between hs-troponin concentrations and all-cause death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke or systemic embolic event, and major bleeding were assessed in multivariable regression models. RESULTS We found higher cardiac troponin concentrations in men (n=9649) compared to women (n=5331), both for hs-cTnT (median 11.8 [Q1-3 8.1-18.0] vs. 9.6 [6.7-14.3] ng/L, p0.05 for all endpoints). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tyloxapol.html CONCLUSION Men have higher hs-troponin concentrations than women in AF. Regardless of sex, hs-troponin concentrations remain similarly associated with adverse clinical outcomes in anticoagulated patients with AF. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND AND AIM Sarcopenia has been suggested to be associated with chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. This study aimed to evaluate whether low muscle mass is associated with the incidence and recurrence of advanced colorectal adenoma. METHODS We conducted a cohort study including 14&nbsp;701 participants who underwent first-time screening colonoscopy between 2003 and 2012 and follow-up colonoscopy until 2017. Skeletal muscle mass was measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer and divided by body weight to calculate the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). RESULTS During a median 47 (interquartile range, 35-58) months of follow-up, overall and advanced adenoma developed in 2988 (20.3%) and 207 (1.41%) participants, respectively. In multivariate analysis using models adjusted for baseline adenoma risk, lifestyle factors, markers for insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, and metabolic syndrome, decreasing SMI quartiles were associated with increased risk of occurrence of advanced adenoma and overall adenoma. The adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing SMI quartiles 3, 2, and 1 to quartile 4 were 1.57 (1.03-2.41), 1.22 (0.78-1.92), and 1.77 (1.13-2.76), respectively, for advanced adenoma (P for trend&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.049) and 1.05 (0.95-1.17), 1.09 (0.98-1.21), and 1.26 (1.13-1.41), respectively, for overall adenoma (P for trend&nbsp; less then &nbsp;0.001). CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort with long-term colonoscopy follow-up, low relative muscle mass was associated with increased risk of occurrence of advanced adenoma and overall adenoma at follow-up colonoscopy, independent of metabolic and inflammatory markers. Timely and thorough surveillance colonoscopy may be emphasized in such populations. © 2020 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and John Wiley &amp; Sons Australia, Ltd.Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most lethal malignancy and is characterized by poor immunogenicity. Pancreatic cancer cells have various strategies to suppress host immune response, evade immune defenses, and facilitate tumor growth and development. As a mode of long-range intercellular communication, cancer-derived exosomes contribute to impairment of the immune system. However, the mechanisms that induce changes in the activities of signal transduction pathways in immune cells, which are influenced by tumor-derived exosomes, are poorly understood. We (1) treated peripheral T lymphocytes with pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes, tagged CD63 with tdTomato, to trace exosome transfer from pancreatic cancer cells to T lymphocytes; (2) carried out a cytotoxicity assay of exosome-treated T lymphocytes using the Real Time Cellular Analysis system; (3) performed RNA sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis to explore the pivotal signaling pathway that mediates apoptosis in exosome-treated T lymphocytes; and (4) demonstrated the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in exosome-induced T-lymphocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, these results indicate that pancreatic cancer cells secrete exosomes, which are taken up by T lymphocytes to activate p38 MAPK, and then induce ER stress-mediated apoptosis, ultimately causing immunosuppression. © 2020 The Authors. The FASEB Journal published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.